Spray a 6-quart slow cooker with nonstick spray.
Optional: Brown the sausage slices in a skillet with olive oil over medium-high heat for 2 to 3 minutes, just until lightly browned. Transfer to the slow cooker.
Add onion, bell pepper, celery (if using), and garlic to the slow cooker.
Place the chicken on top of the vegetables. Sprinkle Cajun seasoning, smoked paprika, onion powder, garlic powder, and black pepper over the chicken.
Pour the chicken broth into the slow cooker. Add the sausage (if you didn’t brown it earlier, add it now). Dot the top with butter.
Cover and cook on low for 4 to 5 hours (or high for 2 to 3 hours), until the chicken is cooked through and tender.
Cook pasta separately until al dente. Drain and reserve ½ cup pasta water.
Remove chicken from the slow cooker and shred or slice.
Turn slow cooker to low. Stir in cream cheese and heavy cream until smooth and creamy.
Add Parmesan in small handfuls, stirring between additions until melted and the sauce is smooth. If needed, add a splash of reserved pasta water to loosen the sauce.
Return chicken to the slow cooker. Add cooked pasta and toss to coat.
Stir in spinach (if using) and let it wilt for 2 to 3 minutes. Serve warm with parsley and green onions, if desired.